Why Did A Stalemate Develop On The Western Front Essay Example

Why Did A Stalemate Develop On The Western Front Paper World war: How the Stalemate was developed In this piece of work I will be exploring the events between the start of the world war and Christmas 1914 and Ill be looking on how the stalemate developed. With the Schlieffen plan a wash at the onset of the war and the resulting race to the sea leaving the opposing sides on an unending series of trench-building marathons until they were lined up from the Alps in the south to the North Sea in the north. With the complete and almost idiotic reasoning of high command to send wool-clad men against well-protected, well-sighted, machine-guns, barbed wire and later armoured barbed-wire, heavy artillery, and long-range accurate rifle fire the life span of a soldier was measured in seconds during some battles. With the defence heavy technologies of the time coupled with lack of innovation and advancement by the offense side the battles that may last for months having huge losses and maybe yards are the only gains. Germany in Belgium Germany aim was to attack France and pull them out of the War because by doing this Germany think they would have won the war in a midst of a couple of months. Germany couldnt go straight through France because heavily allies defended the Franco-German borders. The Schlieiffen plan had to be put to work. Germany thought they will be able to march through Belgium and Luxembourg to quickly knock France out of the war; they have done it before they will do it again. They would think that Russia would take time mobilise; it was an all-or-nothing gamble. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did A Stalemate Develop On The Western Front specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did A Stalemate Develop On The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did A Stalemate Develop On The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main route through Belgium would be through the flat plains of Flanders; 34 divisions would be use to march through Belgium and 8 divisions would be used to hold back the German advance from the German borders. The main place that German was aiming for was Paris; if Paris was surrounded France would have been able to fight back but wouldnt have success. German knew that Russia could take up to 6 weeks to mobilise their army and Germany knew that they had 6 weeks to go through Belgium to get to France. The only problem with the Schlieffen was that Germany depended on the action of the other four countries (France, Russia, Britain and Russia). If the Schlieffen plan was not followed all hell would break lose. Germany marched into Belgium but Germany was not so lucky because Belgium gathered all there soldiers and try to stop the German advance. The Belgiums knew that Germany was twice their size but they put up a resistance from there frontier forts which was bombed by Germans. Belgium had hide themselves in underground tunnels were they waited for the German but the Germans had bomb these tunnels killing many Belgium soldiers. But this brought time for the British and French Army to mobilise. The Battle of Mons The British Expeditionary Force deployed in the fields of Belgium, led by Sir John French. The BEF moved into position in front of Mons creating a line along the Mons-Condi Canal, they were just to the left of the French fifth Army. The BEF dug in along the side of the Mons Canal awaiting the advancing Germans, who were marching through Belgium following the Schlieffen Plan. After the defeat earlier by the Germans General Charles Lanrezac, asked French to hold their position along the canal for 24 hours while French and the BEF fell back. On the 23rd August the BEF were attacked by the German first Army. The German Infantry were advance was repelled by the British Infantry, the sustained a very large losses; almost 1600 British Soldiers were killed and wounded. But with the French Plan 17 abandoned the French force retreated to defend Paris but found that Germany were in Paris they tried their hardest to push Germany back. British also had no other alternative but to retreat as well. If the French had hold their position along the canal they may have been able to push the German advance back and not lose so many soldiers, they may have been able to defeat German. But Germany may have brought more troops in from Germany. The Battle of Marne The French were on defensive in September 1914 but the German were not doing well either. The German Supreme Moltke had to pull out 100,000 troops from the army advance from Paris because they found out that Russia had mobilise quicker than supposed to and had already invaded Germany. This was proved that the British and French were needed. Another problem that had sprung up within the German force was that their advance had been so fast that their food and ammunition couldnt keep up. The German soldiers were unfed and really exhausted. The German commander, Von Kluck couldnt go round Paris as it was planned because the further they get away from their border line the less supply that would be about to get to them. So they decided to advance straight towards it. While the German Advanced on no other choice that foot, the French diverted troops to Paris by railway and then they were put on the front, some of them were transported by taxi. The Germany army couldnt hold it any longer they were weary and overstretched. British and French forces combined were able to stop the German army along the River Marne. The British and the French had counter attacked and pushed the Germans back to the river Aisne, but they couldnt drive them out of France entirely. The Race to the Sea The Battle of Marne was a turning point, for all 3 countries. The best known Plan (Schlieffen) had failed and Germany was caught up in a two-front war. The German general realised that they couldnt break through the enemy lines; Moltke was replaced by commander Falkenhayn who decided the best way to get to your enemy lines was to outflank them his enemy lines. The German were digging in to guard themselves from the advancing allies. The charge went on 12th October. This became the race to the sea. The Germans charged west towards to the sea. Each army tried to outflank the other to achieve the benefit, the British and French moved troops to block the Germans whenever it seems like they are about to attempted to break through. The First Battle of Ypres The battle of Ypres was in Belgium, this was one of the key battles in the race to the sea. Still trying to break through each others trench line, from the 12th October to 11th November 1914 the BEF lost around 50,000 men and the Germans lost around 100,000; but the British held the important ground-they kept the control of the English Channel Ports which meant they could be supplied with equipments and reinforcements. By November 1914 there was a deadlock, the BEF had been slaughtered. The French had already suffered around 1 million dead or wounded in just 10 weeks. Despite all this happenings, the French army tried to break through the German lines in Artois and Champagne in December but they were beaten badly back with heavy losses. As 1914 ends, the fighting had reach stalemate which was to last until 1918. Digging Trenches The reason of why trenches were built was to prove them cover from their enemy snipers and shell bombs. Trenches stretched from the sea (the English Channel) to the west of the Alps in Switzerland this was known has the Western Front. The trenches were dug at seven feet deep and six feet wide, they had to put it in a zigzag pattern to prevent the enemy from shooting in a straight line. The space between the opposing on the Western Front was between 100 and 300 yards apart. On the Eastern Front and Middle East the areas on the battlefield was too vast and the distance from the factory that sells shells, bullets, concrete and barbed wire was so great that the trench warfare in the European style was not eventuate. There were three standard ways to dig a trench: entrenching, sapping and tunnelling. Entrenching, where a man would stand on the surface and dig downwards, was most efficient as it allowed a digging party to dig the length of the trench simultaneously. However, entrenching left the diggers exposed above ground and hence could only be carried out when free of observation such as in a rear area or at night. Sapping involved extending the trench by digging away at the end face. The diggers were not exposed but only one or two men could work on the trench at a time. Tunnelling was like sapping except that a roof of soil was left in place while the trench line was established then removed when the trench was ready to be occupied. The guidelines for British trench construction stated that it would take 450 men 6 hours (at night) to complete 250 metres of a front line trench system. Thereafter the trench would require constant maintenance to prevent deterioration caused by weather or shelling. Types of Weapons The types of weapons used in 1914 were things like machine guns which could cause a lot of damage and kill soldiers in the open, they could fire up to 600 bullets a minute, machine guns were deemed to be a mass destruction. Artillery was the new and upgraded cannon they could fire up to 170 million shells in that time. But the Germans have different plans, the German Scientist have been planning the biggest artillery ever known, its name was Big Bertha it was so powerful it can fire at the heart of Paris from 120 kilometres away. The shells were also upgraded. Instead of the ordinary shells, they had high-explosive shells which were thin casing and full of tiny lead pellets. This was so effective that it killed hundreds and thousands of men; it also blew of the ground which made hiding more difficult for the soldiers. Gas Grenades were very effective weapon; they were highly toxic and could kill someone in a instant. There were 3 main gas grenades. The first was Chlorine gas which was used in the Battle of Ypres, the second Phosgene gas and the third was Mustard gas. This burned the lungs of the inhaler leaving them to die in agony. Gas masks were issued to everyone in the country, but they werent so useful and many people died. Transportation greatly increased, as more troops were needed at battlefields and other places. British forces used everything from trains to Lorries and even taxis. They transported 500 men in 1914; 250 taxis took the reserve troops to the Battle of Marne and thousands of lorries were used to transport troops to Verdun in 1916. Tanks were known as The Chariots of God at First, they were giant blocks of metal that could carry 1-2 personnel and travelled at about 5 kilometres per hour. But scientists and developers kept making new and improved tanks and by 1918 the Anglo-American Mark 8th could carry up to 8 men, and at the same time fire 208 shells and up to 13,000 bullets. Although these beasts were powerful, they were not so reliable. Most broke down and a good example is the battle of Amiens. The British sent 525 tanks, and after four days, only 25 were left in working order. Rolls Royce also joined in the development of these tanks, by building their own armoured car! It could travel up to 88 kilometres and had 8mm machine guns. Planes were the new types of weapons use in advanced technological warfare. They had everything from mini scout planes to huge blimp like bombers called Zeppelins. Air warfare was not seen as important as any other type so it did not have its own category. Conclusion I think Germany invading Belgium is the most responsible for the stalemate, because if German hadnt invaded Belgium they wouldnt have gone through a series of Battles. German trust a plan that was made quite sometime ago which relied of the actions on the other countries around them which may have been different like it was. But if Belgium just let Germany thorough there country then Germany could have captured Paris quickly enough and kicked them out of the war and the war may have been finished by Christmas. But one different move may have changed the whole history of this from a 4 year war to a 5 months war. I think because of the actions of both Germany and Belgium the war was at stalemate. Belgium was a neutralised country they werent on any side so there wouldnt have been a problem with German forces marching through their country?

What are the Principles of human behaviour The WritePass Journal

What are the Principles of human behaviour Task 1 What are the Principles of human behaviour Task 1Principles of human behaviour:Leadership and human behaviour preferences:Preferred learning styles:Principles of Human communications:Task 2Resource management:Task 3Task 4:Task 5:Bibliography:Related Task 1 Principles of human behaviour: Human behaviour can be identified as the result of attempts to satisfy certain needs. These needs can be simple and easy to understand such as the need of food, water and shelter. However it can also be complex such as the need of respect or acceptance. Leadership and human behaviour work hand in hand. To   be   a   successful   leader,   you   must   understand   your people and work with   them   to   resolve   their   problems. In Nairobi the school of tomorrow the basic needs of any student is a good environment, shelter and the basic needs such as water and food. As the human behaviour changes according to the environment Nairobi school of tomorrow has to make sure that the environment in each class and in the school is positive. By examining human behavior, we can expand the knowledge we need to better understand people. Human behaviour study helps us understand why people act and react in certain ways. (tpub.com) Leadership and human behaviour preferences: As a leader in order to accomplish your goals, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support your needs to accomplish the goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Values,  beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. (Milliken Elizabeth. M, Honeycutt A (2004) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Basic Needs: are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. Metaneeds:  These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these Meta needs. A need higher in the hierarchy will become a motive of behaviour as long as the needs below it have been satisfied. Unsatisfied lower needs will dominate unsatisfied higher needs and must be satisfied before the person can climb up the hierarchy. So in order to be successful leaders in Nairobi school of tomorrow leaders have to fulfil the basic needs which are physiological needs, safety and belonging. Once these needs are met the behaviour of students will change in the school and the classes which will produce more positive results. They will meet their own goals and targets and the students would also feel part of the school. Preferred learning styles: Learning is defines as a relatively permanent change in an attitude or behaviour that occurs as a result of repeated experience. (Kimble and Grambzy, 1963) Institutes of education always seek to improve their educational initiatives more effective. Nairobi school of tomorrow are working hard to provide more effective and efficient services. Teaching serves as an important tool for achieving institutional goals and objectives, therefore to make the learning more effective teachers have to understand their students. Some students are left brained and some are right brained so the teacher has to use the technique which would be easy to understand for different kind of students. (Sims. R Ronald, Sims. J Serbrenia (1995)) Team roles (belbin theory): According to belbin theory of team roles a good team must have a leader who can be; Coordinator: The co-ordinator is a person-oriented leader. This leader trusts the team, accepting, dominant and is dedicated to team goals and objectives. The co-ordinator is a positive thinker who supports goal accomplishment, struggle and effort. Shaper: shaper is a task-focused leader who thrives in nervous energy and who has a high motivation to accomplish goals and for whom winning is the name of the game. Plant: The plant is a specialist idea maker characterised by high IQ and quietness while also being leading and original. The plant tends to take fundamental approaches to team performance and problems Resource investigator: The resource investigator is someone who searches opportunities and extends contacts. Resource investigators are good mediators who explore others for information and support and pick up other’s ideas and develop them. Company/worker implementer: Implementers are responsive of exterior responsibilities and are well-organized, careful and have a good self-image. They have a tendency to be tough-minded and practical, trusting and liberal, respecting established traditions. This kind of leaders doesn’t get anxious and tend to work for the team in a practical. Monitor evaluator:   is a sensible, careful and intelligent person with a low need to achieve. Monitor evaluators add particularly at times of vital decision making because they are skilled to evaluate competing proposals. Team worker: Team workers make helpful interference to prevent potential resistance and enable the difficult characters of the team to use their skills to positive ends. They have a propensity to keep team spirit up and allow other members to add effectively to the team. Specialist: The specialist supplies knowledge and mechanical skills which are not common within the team. They are often highly reserved and concerned and tend to be self-starting, devoted and committed. Completer/Finisher:   the completer or the finishers’ strength lies in perfectionism, attention to the details of the task and meeting the deadlines.(West, M 1994) Principles of Human communications: Communication is basic human interaction. It is a process and it is dynamic, ongoing and ever changing. It may not have a beginning or an end. Communication can be divided into two categories. Interpersonal communication is between people and intrapersonal communication is your own self dialog.   Communication is very important for Nairobi school of tomorrow because the feedback from the client is just as important as whatever the facilitator says or does. What the client says and what the client is showing by the way they look and act will give Nairobi school of tomorrow an idea of the results they get from the services they provide. The way the school communicated with its contractors would affect the overall performance of the company. What message do they give to their clients and how they respond to the feedback given? What method do they use to communicate with their clients and contractors? For example presentation, demonstration,   Ã‚  discussion or tutorial to get the message across. Language plays an important role in the way we perceive the world and it also effects the way people behave around each other. It does not jus label and distinguish the environment for us but also structures and guides out thinking patterns. It influences our relationship with others and with the environment. To ensure that the communication flow is not disturbed between administration and clients or administration and contractors the school has decided that simple language would be used throughout the whole project so everyone can understand. Use of jargons would be avoided. Task 2 Resource management: Effective resource management is mostly about foreseeing problems and working on solutions to make the resources of the organization more effective.   Resources can be regarded as consumable and non consumable. Consumable resources is as it goes into task such as money, concert, engine days and paint all are considered to be consumable resources. Non consumable resources can be used over and over again. Once you are done working on a task you can carry on working on something else. An Effective resource management includes Resource allocation: The first key to effective resource allocation for a school is in understanding the system of incentives that guides in spending of schools and colleges. The incentives are based partly on intrinsic value and partly on instrumental ones. For e.g. programs with strong market demand (for examples from students, research sponsors) however low intrinsic value serves instrumentally cross subsidize programs with high intrinsic value but low financial potential. A good resource allocation would allow Nairobi school of tomorrow to achieve a proper balance between its intrinsic values and those of the market place. Nairobi school of tomorrow has chosen outsourcing in resource management as their important part of resource allocation. Outsourcing is contracting with another company or person to do a particular function.   In this case Nairobi school of tomorrow has picked another company to provide the school with lunch. (Massy F. William (2004) Time management: Time management can be defined as the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling and budgeting ones time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. To manage their time effectively Nairobi school of tomorrow administration must fulfil some requirements which are; The administration needs to have clear objectives. If the administration does not know what they are trying to achieve then they will fail in resource allocation. The administration needs to have careful forward planning. If the wrong step it would lead them to failure. Administration needs to have the ability to delegate successfully and the work should be flexible. To manage the time effectively the administration has come up with a strategy. First of all Nairobi school of tomorrow has to identify the things which needs prioritisation such as the quality of teaching, classrooms, lunch and other facilities for e.g. school library. After identifying the priorities they will break down each task in to subtasks because it will put work into more logical sequence. It would also determine the skills needed and it would allow communication of work to be done. It would ensure that all work sequences are identified and understood. After task breakdown the next step would be scheduling.[1] Scheduling is the process by which Nairobi school of tomorrow can look at the time available to them and plan on how to use it to achieve the goals of the administration which were identified in the early stage. A good scheduling technique designed by Nairobi school of tomorrow is to assemble the project schedule by listing all the tasks that need to be completed in order. Assign length to each task and then distribute the required resources, after the distribution the administration would Verify predecessors i.e. what tasks must be completed before and the tasks that cant start until after.( F. John Reh. (2011). Project Management 101 Part 2: Managing Resources People, Equipment, and Material) Six Sigma:   is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola, USA in 1986. It is still widely used in many parts of the industry, even though its use is not without disagreement. Six Sigma looks for improvement in the quality of process production. It improves the production by identifying and removing the causes of deficiency and minimizing unpredictability in manufacturing and business processes. Six sigma uses a set of quality management methods which includes statistical methods, and creates a particular communications of people within the organization. (Tennant, Geoff (2001) Task 3 In project management there are two types or resources. First resources are skill types and the second type is the worker time units. Here we are dealing with the effort that a skill type can put into the task over a giver period of time.   There are a few stages involved in resource management. The stages are as follows; Resource definition i.e. deciding what resources you are going to deal with Resource allocation i.e. believing that the particular task will need so many traders people and as much material to get finished. Resource aggregation i.e. simply the outline of the resources required to complete all activities based on the resource allocation carried out in the previous stage. Resource smoothing is the process that resolves a resource requirement that is smooth and where peaks and low points are eliminated. After the resources are managed properly Nairobi school of tomorrow has to make sure that they manage there subcontractors.   Subcontracts are individuals or businesses that sign contracts to perform some parts of the business. In this case Nairobi school of tomorrow has a subcontractor Vertex who would provide them with school dinner.   To manage the subcontracts effectively the administration has to regularly conference calls, regular progress reports and on site meetings at the subcontractor’s facility. This would keep the administration satisfied with the quality. It is very essential to have regular on site meetings because conference calls or progress reports may not always reveal the true programs. To ensure the management with subcontractors is good administration has to ensure that there is method for feedback on client performance. Feedback must be taken from supplier perspective as the client’s perspective on the supplier’s performance. Once a supp lier is chose and a public announcement is made the administration should work with suppliers to develop supply chain. Effective contract management is vital in ensuring the structure established in the procurement process for good supply chain management is applied over the duration of the contract. Task 4: Coaching: Coaching usually consists of One to one development discussions Coaching helps people realise both there strengths and weaknesses by giving feedback Coaching is aimed at the specific issues or areas that need to be improved. It is relatively short term activity It focuses on improving performance and developing/enhancing individuals skills. Generally more structured in nature and meetings are scheduled on a regular basis Mentoring: in progress relationship that can last for a long period of time Can be more informal and meetings can take place as and when the person being mentored needs some advice, direction or support Mentor is usually more skilled and qualified than the ‘mentee’. It is usually carried out by a more senior person in the organisation who can pass on knowledge, experience and open doors to opportunities Focus is on career and personal development Mentoring resolves more around developing the mentee professional (Brefigroup. (2011). Coaching and mentoring) Task 5: Materials management is a part of logistics and it refers to the location and movement of the physical items or products of the company. There are three main processes which are connected with materials management spare parts quality control   inventory management Materials management is important in big manufacturing and distribution environments where there are multiple parts, locations, and significant money invested in these items. The first expansion in materials management is related to spare parts. Spare parts are essential to the progressing operation of manufacture lines and related equipment. Poor management of spare parts can cause downtime and loss of production. Quality control is a huge part of materials management. The formation of material standards, examinations, and returns process is a most important responsibility of the materials management group. All parts and materials must be tested to make sure that a precise level of quality is met. This is usually completed before a purchase order is issued to the supplier, to make sure that the supplier has met the conditions of their contract. Inventory management is the correct tracking of all materials in the company’s list. The company has purchased these items from another supplier. There are three possible areas of loss that are concentrated on through useful inventory management: reduction, misplacement, and short shipments. In material management one of the common ways that is used is the ABC analysis. It is a method of categorizing items, actions, or activities according to their virtual importance. It is often used in inventory management where it is used to categorize stock items into groups based on the total annual spending of each item. Organisations can focus more detailed attention on the high value items. Bibliography: Unknown. (2011). 1-5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR. Available: tpub.com/content/advancement/12024/css/12024_14.htm. Last accessed 23-06-2011. West M. (1994). Effective Teamwork; the British Psychology Society. Available: srds.co.uk/cedtraining/handouts/hand40.htm. Last accessed 25-06-2011. Sims. R Ronald, Sims. J Serbrenia (1995). The importance of learning styles. USA: Greenwood press. Page 25. Brefigroup. (2011). Coaching and mentoring – whats the difference?. Available: brefigroup.co.uk/coaching/coaching_and_mentoring.html. Last accessed 26-06-2011. F. John Reh. (2011). Project Management 101 Part 2: Managing Resources People, Equipment, and Material. Available: http://management.about.com/cs/projectmanagement/a/PM101b.htm. Last accessed 21-06-2011. Tennant, Geoff (2001). SIX SIGMA: SPC and TQM in Manufacturing and Services. Gower Publishing, page 5. Massy F. William (2004). Resource Allocation in Higher Education. USA: University of Michigan. Page 4-15. F. John Reh. (2011). Project Management 101 Part 3: Managing Time and Schedule. Available: http://management.about.com/cs/projectmanagement/a/PM101c.htm. Last accessed 21-06-2011. Milliken Elizabeth. M, Honeycutt A (2004). Understanding human behaviour A guide for health care providers.. 7th ed. USA: Thomson Learning Inc. page 73-74.

US constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US constitution - Essay Example Moreover, the articles established the rules for functions of the U.S confederation, which was proficient of resolving problems concerning the western territories, negotiating for political agreements and making the Revolutionary War. It also established a weak national government and provided too much power to the state government, which prevented the individual states from performing their own foreign diplomacy (Ginsberg et-al 51). Although the Articles of Confederations served significant roles during the Revolutionary War, when the state won victory, the federalists felt that the articles lacked significant necessities for a successful government; thus a federation was required in order to restore the coalition. It was criticized by a group of reforms that the articles favored the powerful central state in which the government lacked taxing power. The federalists wanted the state government to enforce the same tariffs, offer land grants and assume roles for unpaid state war debts (Ginsberg et-al 62). However, the anti-federalists opposed the articles by arguing that the limits on the government power were imperative. The Articles of Confederation reveals a system of government whereby the state was given more power than the nation which had very weak power. However, these powers were totally different from the government, which was under the control of emperor. The founding fathers of the articles saw that this government system made the nation too weak; thus they decided to implement or establish a new reformed government system. Therefore, they came up with a new constitution document which was meant to replace the articles of confederation (Miller 35). It is through the constitution document that a stronger national government was formed. This...The Article of Confederation was an agreement made by the thirteen founding states, which established the U.S as confederation of the sovereignty states. The Article of Confederation and the Constitution reflecte d diverse visions for supremacy or control in the new United States. It offered domestic and international supremacy powers for the congress to direct the states in varied aspects including the American Revolutionary War, dealing with territorial problems and conducting diplomacy with European nations. However, the flawless of the state government, which was established by the Article of Confederations, became a subject of concern for main autonomists. The Article of Confederation, which was the first constitution of the U.S, is an article that reflected varied visions and functions for the control of the new United States. Under this article, the states retained autonomy over all administration functions not particularly surrendering to the central government but maintaining its power in the state. In conclusion, the Articles of Confederation influenced the development of state power control but it had diverse flawlessness including lack of executive and national court system.

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example Analyzing this movie from ethical perspective, it is clear that most of the crises were because of unacknowledged conflict of interest, arrogance, greed, lack of transparency and accountability, failed leadership and unethical conducts. These factors are some of the issues that fueled the industry to become out of control. According to the Inside Job, Ferguson clearly indicates the manner in which these practices caused the 2008 economic meltdown. While obviously everyone knows the conclusion of the unfolding occasions Ferguson depicts, his meetings with a number of the players in the emergency give extra knowledge into the bigger inquiry on the manner in which such a variety of brilliant individuals were included in a disappointment, so colossal failure that led to economic crisis. The film demonstrates the results when supposed capital is wrapped around the unyielding quest for a dogma, for this situation deregulation, with the goal that clashing information or restricting perspect ives are not permitted to impede. The many people from Ivy League commercial concerns divisions wielded a ton of force in the 30-year impetus for deregulation. They served as advisors to the business and were chosen for significant administrative or White House consultant positions. Ferguson brings up issues about the objectivity of those who were entitled with research, and in addition whether their trustworthiness was bargained by the issues of investment and tolerating expenses from Wall Street. For example, Scott Talbott, boss lobbyist for the Financial Services Roundtable, which campaigns for the main 100 banks, and Mastercard, fortification and monetary administrations, includes a huge number of the rescued banks. As noted in Ferguson’s inquiries, it clearly demonstrates there was satisfied with the impressive impact his group wielded in Congress since that is the manner of how

Ethics Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics Theories - Essay Example   Utilitarianism stipulates that the greatest happiness should be the guiding principle for the conduct (Shafer-Landau 2012). Finally, Deontological ethics focuses on the rightness or wrongness of the individual actions.   It does not put considerations to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of the actions committed.  Distinction in how each theory addresses ethics and Morality  A Utilitarianism approach on morals and ethics implies that no moral action is intrinsically right or wrong.   The correctness or wrongness of an individual’s action is solely a creation of his or her non-moral good like pleasure, happiness or knowledge.   Deontological ethics asserts that the wrongness or rightness of an individual’s action is at least a portion of the intrinsic moral features like lying (Shafer-Landau 2012).   Ethics and morality are components of virtue theory like honesty and generosity. Virtue ethics focuses on the natural character of an individual rather than on the nature or consequences of specific actions executed.   Deontological ethics refers to the ordinary ethical point that controls the morality of an action, based on the action’s devotion to set rules.  Personal Experience  An instance involving my friend who faces a circumstance demanding him to speak the truth.   Deontology advocates truth speaking which is an ethical and moral act. Speaking the truth in itself is a virtue and by this virtue, theories support it.

Enrichment Issues in Animals: Andean Bear and Asian Elephant

Enrichment Issues in Animals: Andean Bear and Asian Elephant In this write-up the environmental enrichment issues of two species housed at the Belfast Zoological Gardens will be discussed. Environmental enrichment can be defined as the development of stimulating settings for animals within a zoo as a means for them to demonstrate species-typical behaviour such as exercising control or choice (Shepherdson, 1998). The two species in this piece being investigated are that of the Andean (spectacled) bear and the Asian elephant. Information on Environmental enrichment Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment techniques can divide into two broad categories; inanimate enrichment and animate enrichment. Inanimate enrichment includes subdivisions such as novel objects, exhibit design, visual, auditory and olfaction stimulation. Animate enrichment includes training, research and interactions with humans and other animals. The two broad categories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions from a species kept in captivity, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities rather than just being aesthetically pleasing. Nevertheless, it has been discussed that animal captivity has a negative effect on a species independent behavioural traits (Reference) and that environmental enrichment settings do not encourage the same behaviours as those found in the wild. Zoo habitats are more static in general compared to the wild as food, shelter, safety and medical care are all provided. Most problems which occur in captivity can be caused by a lack of stimulation and even the best kept zoos can have animals who suffer with psychological discontent (Jordan, 2005). Carlstead and Shepherdson, (1994) have suggested that prolonged exposure to an environment which has low levels of stimulation can cause an animal to become aggressive, lethargic and be slower to habituate in its new surroundings. Jordan (2005) has suggested that many animals can suffer from stress in captivity which can be shown in their behavioural responses such as pacing, regurgitation, excessive grooming and rocking. These types of behaviours are repetitive patterns and are referred to as stereotypic behaviours. Scientists have suggested that these repetitive behaviours may in some cases be an animals’ way of providing novelty to an environment lacking in stimulation. Asian Elephant -798 words Belfast Zoological Gardens currently houses ‘BLAH’ Asian elephants, who have an important role in the zoos conservation projects. The Asian elephant is a species located in Southeast Asian countries such as Sir Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam (References). It is smaller than its African cousin and considered an endangered species. In the Belfast Zoological Gardens, the staff members try to ensure the Asian elephants have a stimulating environment by adding novel items such as tyres and puzzle devices into the elephant’s enclosure. By the Belfast zoo having novel objects such as the tires, it encourages the Asian elephants to demonstrate species typical behaviours as the elephants have choice and control with objects thus providing active stimulation. Additionally Belfast zoo incorporates other enrichment amenities such as having mud and rubbing posts in varying sizes. However, it has been noted that enrichment amenities should be rotated such as logs, balls and tires as a means to sustain stimulation for the elephants . Asian elephants typically spend up to 16 hours per day foraging for food in the wild, eating herbs, leaves, bark, roots, fruits and flowers (Stoinski, et al. 2000). Elephants food diets in captivity tends to offer less variety than in the wild and by a zoo adding new food elements to their diet it can be considered a method of enrichment. At Belfast Zoological Gardens, keepers place food in trees, in food containing devices and in blocks of ice as a means to add stimulation for their Asian elephants. It has been suggested that more complex enrichment methods such as the food containing devices, can involve teamwork which allows the animals to demonstrate more species-typical behaviours. Desmond and Laule (1998) and Mellen and Sevenich (1999) have noted that when animals have been given a choice of their food, they would prefer to work for it rather than be presented with it. Therefore, training enrichment provides one of the most complex learning devices for species. Additionally, Be lfast Zoo spatially provides food which can be found in irregular locations. Research has suggested that the Asian elephant strongly relies on its sense of smell in contexts such as foraging for food (Santiapillai and Read, 2010) or in social communication (Langbauer, 2000; Rasmussen Krishnamurthy, 2000; Scott Rasmussen, 2005). Rasmussen (1999) and Langbauer, (2000) noted that the Asian elephant’s long-term stability is dependent on the effectiveness of its intraspecific communicational skills within its herd. The Belfast Zoological Gardens tries to ensure the species at their zoo such as the Asian elephant are in group sizes which they would be used to in the wild as a means to facilitate species-typical behaviours and communicational vocalisation. Visually the Belfast Zoo also places animals such as zebras and giraffes next to the elephant enclosure as they are often found near each other in the wild. It has been suggested that the visual stimuli of species can increase stimulation for the Asian elephant and have a calming effect on its behaviour . The shape and the size of an animal’s enclosure are equally important for creating a stimulating environment for a species. It has been suggested that an open area should have defined spaces such as pools and rock features as a means to create a sense of the enclosure being larger and aiding in stimulation for the Asian Elephant. The Belfast Zoo also tries to encourage species typical behaviour in their Asian elephants by providing exhibit designs which would be encountered in the wild, for example having trees, slopes, water found in a shallow pool and sandy terrains. It has been noted that bathing pools are common enrichment amenities found in zoos, as they provide the elephants a low-impact exercise as well as the species finding the water enjoyable. Blah (2009) suggested that captive elephants suffer at times life threating foot problems which could be the result of spending more time on hard surfaces than the variety of choices available to them in the wild. The Belfast Zoological Gardens provides its Asian elephants many levels of enrichment, including human related contact by keepers and through medical care. It has been suggested however, that a rotational exhibit design could be used as a means to increase stimulation, such as the one found at ‘Denver Zoo which has five distinct areas. The rotational design means that the species can awaken to a new enclosure adding to environmental enrichment. Additionally, the new enclosure will have housed a different species the day before thus the overlapping scents can also provide a level of enrichment especially for the Asian elephants which rely heavily on their senses. Andean (spectacled) bear Introductory of animal habits – sex, survival instincts, housing, learning, other animal interaction, habitats – this needs to be backed up with relevant research The difference between those found out in the wild and those found in captivity Is the exhibit design complex, provides various substrates and levels Training which occurs to build trust between the animal and keeper Olfactory: a keeper can introduce natural predator or prey scents, in addition to novel smells or pheromone scents. Auditory: taped sounds or vocalizations can simulate things that an animal may hear in the wild. Food related: this is the most widely used form of enrichment. Keepers can present food in a variety of ways such as in a simple puzzle feeder, hidden throughout the enclosure, scattered about the enclosure, or buried in a substrate. To get the food, the animal must use natural foraging behaviors and/or mentally solve the puzzle. Novel objects: various items placed in an animal’s enclosure allow the animal to mimic behaviors exhibited in the wild or could challenge them. These items could include burlap bags, sheets, boomer balls, chew toys, or a hammock. Research: Participation in a research projects offers mental stimulation. (i.e., foraging skills research with giant pandas, cognitive research with orang-utans) Differences found between the environments of the two species – which one provided better species-typical enrichment Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. CONCLUSION – NOT WRITEN AS OF YET In conclusion the animals found in the Belfast zoological gardens did demonstrate some species typical behaviours due to the environmental enrichment techniques in place. Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour (Reference) operant conditioning as a means for animals to engage in. design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s n atural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.

Geographical Effects on Cooking and Preparation :: Research Cooking Geogrpahy Papers

Geographical Effects on Cooking and Preparation Abstract: This paper will attempt to show others the differences and similarities in food preparation due to differences in altitudes. Accordingly, this paper will explore the adjustments necessary to cook in different locations and at different elevations. This paper is of interest to me because I live at an elevation of over 10,572 feet. The backs of boxes do not indicate changes of this type. This also interests me because I have a joy for being in the kitchen. National Standards: A group of parents, educators, business people, and organizations has developed a list of standards for educators to use as a reference in order to make the United States internationally competitive (14, p 9). These standards should apply to this paper and to all geography related topics. Three standards have been chosen to focus the attention of this paper. The first one is number six; "Knows and understands that culture and experiences influence people’s perception of places and experiences." This applies because there will be a different perspective on cooking for those who live in low altitudes than to those who live at higher ones. The second one that applies is number 14; "Knows and understands how the earth’s physical and human systems are connected and interact." It is because of the physical surroundings that the human system of cooking is altered. Finally, number 18: "Knows and understands how to apply geography to interpret the present and the future." This standard is used to show that at present there are still a lot of experiments to complete, so that perhaps in the future we will be better prepared to adjust to higher elevations. Introduction: As the twenty-first century is rapidly approaching people have a lot on their minds; wars, shortages of fuel leading to higher gas prices, possible computer crashes, and who will be the prominent leaders, among other things. This paper is designed to allow the reader to escape into the world nearly everyone enjoys, eating. Food is required to sustain life. Even small children know that fact; however, not everyone knows that food also has emotional and psychological effects. Food is the source of security, satisfaction, hospitality, and status (1, p 8). Involved in the last of these, status, is a large element of social interaction and acceptance. Accordingly, the area in which a person lives is one of the largest factors determining the eating habits a person develops (1, p 2).

Ethical Advertisement Essay

Much of the controversy over advertising stems from the ways many companies use it as a selling tool and from its impact on society’s tastes, values, and lifestyles. In the ads where sexual stereotyping is used, there is a relationship between the recall of the ad and the consumer’s subsequent purchasing decision. Similar relationships are also evident in ads that use cultural stereotyping and emotional exploitation. Consumers also tend to remember the ad and get motivated to purchase products/services when they feel that the information in the ad is truthful and not deceptive. The six most important ethical issues in advertisements are as follows: 1) Advertisements targeting Vulnerable Groups 2) Cultural issues in advertisements 3) Comparative and Competitive Advertisement 4) Subliminal advertisements 5) Use of deception in advertisements 6) Advertisements of Controversial Products Advertisements targeting Vulnerable Groups Companies are targeting children in their advertisements irrespective of the negative impact and affect on their personality. While advertising several elements regarding ethics are not considered, and in this report we will focus on few of those issues. Adults are also targeted by the companies. Later in this report it will be discussed how companies build perceptions and image of different cultures in minds of young generation. How the youth is being affected by the companies’ unethical practices? Advertisement regarding Culture The importance of recognizing human differences such as age, gender, and ethnicity do exist and can significantly impact a practitioner’s work. Advertisers are manipulating the cultural ethnicity and are trying to build their own culture. However their practice is considerably raising the cultural issues in different and diversified geographical areas around the globe. Comparative and Competitive Advertisement Comparative advertising is an advertisement in which a particular product, or service, specifically mentions a competitor by name for the express purpose of showing why the competitor is inferior to the product naming it, where as Competitive advertisement points out features of a brand which may not be available in other brands, but does not directly name a competitor. Subliminal Advertisement A subliminal message is a signal or message embedded in another medium, designed to pass below the normal limits of the human mind’s perception. The use of subliminal messages in advertisement is called subliminal advertisement. Deception in Advertisements The miss-presentation or omission of the product’s features in the ads is a routine practice of companies to deceive consumers. Misleading messages or images are just lies and unfair. The aim of this type of advertisements is just to deceive the consumer. Ethics have some power in deceptive and misleading advertising. Later in this report various ways of deception will be discussed to clarify the unethical practices. Advertisements of Controversial Products The advertisements of controversial products were once not acceptable but now marketers are showing the advertisement of these products frequently because of which consumers are getting immune to the advertisements of such products. Later in this report we will discuss what kind of unethical practices marketers are using in the advertisements of such products. Companies design the advertisement of their products in such a way that even if a person has no need for the product will buy it. Companies take â€Å"Persuasive advantage† of vulnerable groups such as Children, the elderly, and people in developing countries etc. to sell their products. Children Ads for kids serve as training for consumer culture; hence, their role in culture formation and socialization should not be underestimated. The impact of advertisement on their behaviors and attitudes is highly affective. As children are the emerging seeds of any civilization hence it should be seriously considered that they are exposed to what kind of ethics. Things which they learn in their early stages of life are reflected in their later life stage. Following topics will further elaborate this concept. Children’s Exposure to Advertisement Commercials are highly effective in presenting the formal features of products, to attract children’s attention, such as unique sound effects and auditory changes, rapidly moving images, and audiovisual gimmicks and special effects. The most common persuasive strategy employed in advertising to children is to associate the product with fun and happiness, rather than to provide any factual product-related information. For example, a commercial featuring Ronald McDonald dancing, singing, and smiling in McDonald’s restaurants without any mention of the actual food products nutrition available, reflects a fun/happiness theme. Effects of Food Advertisement on children It is evident from the available sources that children are highly influenced by the food advertisement and that they are highly important for the marketers to be targeted. Unhealthy Eating Habits It is found that kids are attracted by entertaining products that’s why companies are showing them the enjoyable advertisements instead of focusing on the nutrition of the products. As done by McDonald which shows entertaining toys provided with the package of burger, in this way, children start buying burgers without considering the amount of calories and other nutritious in those eatables. This practice has lead to the obesity of children specifically in United States of America. The children are shown those eatables which are unhealthy for them but still they enjoy purchasing them and they force their parents to make those eatables available for them. Cause of Obesity Currently 15% of US youth are overweight, a prevalence nearly twice as high in children and three times as high in adolescents compared to 1980 prevalence rates. Almost two-thirds (60%) of overweight children have at least one cardiovascular risk factor (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in youth.

What are the implications for essays

What are the implications for essays What are the implications for management of each of the following trends? Reduction in cost of hardware with time o Businesses benefit from rapid processing by providing better service at a reduced cost. o For example, an automated teller machine (ATM) system in a bank can process customer withdrawals, deposits, and transfers faster and less expensively than a human teller because it uses computer hardware. Reduction in size of hardware with time o Finally, capacity is important in information systems, and computers provide the capacity to handle large amounts of data. o Businesses benefit from this capability by being able to process volumes of data easily. o For example, a sales analysis system in the marketing department of a business can examine data about thousands of sales because it uses computer hardware. o The results of the analysis help managers draw conclusions about sales trends. o A computer can handle these large amounts of data more easily than a human. Increase in power of hardware with time o Accuracy is also important in information systems, and computers ensure that the results of processing are correct by not making mistakes as people do. o Without accurate processing, a businesss costs would be greater and its information less reliable. o For example, a point-of-sale (POS) system in a supermarket is more accurate than a human clerk in recording the prices of items purchased by a customer because it uses computers. o Thus, the system reduces the cost of selling a product at an incorrect price. o A POS system also keeps an accurate count of stock because of its use of computer hardware, and therefore the system provides better information about inventory. o You sometimes hear about computer errors, but usually these result from mistakes made by humans, not by computers. All these benefits gained from the use of computer hardware in informa ...

Gladiaotrs essays

Gladiaotrs essays The Gladiators of ancient Rome are interesting and important in many ways. This paper will touch on four subjects that have to do with the Gladiators. The first subject is the history of first and earliest gladiators and how Gladiatorial fights came to be a part of Roman civilization. The second area is the type of gladiator, which includes the type of armor, weapons, and a little history of each type. The third is the way the gladiator lived and participated in the Roman civilization. The fourth and final is the arenas they fought in, and what types of enemies they had to face. The very first recorded gladiatorial fight was at a burial of Junius Brutus in 264 B.C. His two sons Marcus and Decimus brought back an ancient custom of having slaves fight at the funeral. In which this sacrifice would please the Gods. Three slaves were ordered to fig to the death as many spectators watched. This led to become a large spectator event. As the years rolled on more and more slave fights at the funerals of Romes great leaders appeared. The number of fighters also increased, as well as the number of viewers. This was thought to be a family name inhancer when large fights were held at the mans funeral. By the time of the Great Julius Caesar, all the direct ties to funerals and or religion were gone. These gladiators as they were now called fought to entertain. This was the idea of Caesar to keep the Roman citizens pleased. With much entertainment and suspense the people were living happily, brining the hole family to watch such gruesome events. This was the start of the great gladiatorial battles that Ancient Rome was so popular for. Caesar knew this and took control of all such events held for the public. This made him very powerful and wealthy. The ancient ritual that was for the gods was now for the entertainment of thousands of excited Romans who...

What new things might just work in Corrections Essay

What new things might just work in Corrections - Essay Example be to ensure that all officers are not only satisfied, but also that the inmates are allowed to have a chance to reform and adapt themselves into the society once they are released. It has become essential for there to be some improvement in the management of correctional facilities because without it, it is most likely that the conditions within them might continue to deteriorate. Correctional facilities in the United States have undergone serious management issues over the past decades and this has been as a result of the many blunders that administrators have made when carrying out their duties. Because of such circumstances, correctional facilities have ended up being highly understaffed while at the same time being an unsafe place for both officers and inmates. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate reforms in correctional facilities because, despite there being places where convicts are kept away from society, they are also small communities which have to be well managed to ensure that there is harmony. It has been recognised that there is a need for leadership in the management of correctional facilities since this is the only way through which their managements will be able to effectively ensure the well being of all those who live or work within them (Jung, Wu & Chow, 2008). Leadership has to be shown by prison management when dealing with the safety of the guards because of circumstances where they have to deal with criminals who are potentially violent so that they are not in any way endangered. Leadership is also necessary in cases where there is a potential of prisoners either harming themselves or others and this should be through the provision of psychological, health, and recreational facilities which help them in all manner of their lives. Management is the running of an institution using the established apparatus without necessarily having to make any changes. In most circumstances, management is often to blame in case of either the long term

A report on highest priority program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A report on highest priority program - Essay Example Also, the Department of Defense feels that the State has to bring back the allied forces so that the cost of maintaining such a high degree of expenditure n the troops can be minimized. Let us focus on the expenditure on the war on terror. The Department of Defense has spent an estimated amount of 4 Trillion USD. This is the highest amount of money spent by the Unites States of America upon a single agenda. The war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq has cost us a lot of money and the results of the same have not been any fruitful. Even though the companies based out of USA have got the chance and opportunity to built industries in the areas which have been inflicted by the war, the Department of Defense in consultation with the Department of Commerce feels that the economic spending has outgrown the income received by the US based companies from doing business in the war inflicted areas. The highest priority for the United States of America is to control the high level of external exp enditure of the state. The international debt has increased dramatically in the past 3 years and the Department of Commerce in consultation with us have concluded that the war on terror has had dramatic consequences on the purchasing power parity of the Government. There are thousands of troops who have been lined up in Iraq and Afghanistan and it is imperative that we should start cutting down on the supply of our troops in those countries. â€Å"The President spent $850 billion on defense in his first year. This included $530.1 billion for the DoD base budget, and $152.7 billion to fund other departments, such as Homeland Security and the Veterans Administration.† Understanding from the above observations, it is imperative that the State is spending a lot more amount on external security than it has to. The State must recognize the fact that the spending is going out of bounds and it might become difficult to grapple with it. We must be vigilant with our money and it is cru cial that we do not allow the spending to escalate our economic debts. The Department of Defense has made this report in consultation and advises from the Department of Commerce. Moving forward, the Department of Defense categorically state that the States and the President should remove 50% of the troops from the war affected areas by 2015. By the time the country enters a safe economic zone period, it is imperative that the troops are then brought back to the country. We plan to put in a system in place where the interior troops of Iraq and Afghanistan shall be trained and provided with ammunition to counter any insurgency. We shall start the training method by July 2014 and hope to accomplish the training of at least 100000 troops in those countries so that we can then start to remove our troops gradually and place their troops instead. This will also allow those nations to manage any insurgency or attacks and shall make them self-sufficient. Once we send out our troops from the war affected areas, we shall then create a system of checks and balances which will make sure that the process of replacing our troops with their troops is seamless. By 2016 end of the year we hope to have taken away all the allied forces away from the war-ridden areas and reduce our expenditure on war by 80%. This will give the economy the much-needed impetus in terms of monetary strength. The economy will be face